Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The colonic mucosa-associated microbiome in SIV infection: shift towards Bacteroidetes coincides with mucosal CD4 + T cell depletion and enterocyte damage

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67843-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mucosal SIV copy numbers and CD4 + T cells in the colon of SIV-infected animals. ( A ) Cell-associated SIV DNA and RNA copies were quantified longitudinally in colonic tissue before and after i.v. infection with SIVmac251. ( B ) CD4 + T cells in the colonic lamina propria were quantified by immunohistochemical analysis and the proportion CD45RA - memory phenotype CD4 + cells within mucosal CD3 + T cells was determined by flow cytometry before and at different stages of SIV infection. ( C ) CD4 + T cell counts in the peripheral blood were measured in parallel. Mucosal peak viral load was observed on day 7 (black symbols) or on day 14 after infection (grey symbols). Day 7-samples of the three animals, in which mucosal viral load peaked on day 14, represent ‘before peak viral load’ data. Equivalent data samples were not available from animals in which mucosal viral load peaked already on day 7. The chronic phase was analyzed on day 49 after infection. Horizontal solid lines indicate mean values + /− standard deviations. The dashed horizontal line indicates the assay limit of detection. * P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001. VL viral load.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies was mouse anti-CD4 (clone 1F6; Novocastra, Newcastle, UK).

Techniques: Infection, Immunohistochemical staining, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The colonic mucosa-associated microbiome in SIV infection: shift towards Bacteroidetes coincides with mucosal CD4 + T cell depletion and enterocyte damage

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67843-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Associations of SIV infection-related shift towards Bacteroidetes with mucosal CD4 + T cell counts and cytokine secretion. Correlations of abundances of Bacteroidetes at the time mucosal peak viral load with ( A ) initial SIV infection-associated changes of frequencies of CCR5 + CD4 + T cells (determined by flow cytometric analysis) and ( B ) total CD4 + T cell numbers in the colonic mucosa (quantified by in situ immunostaining) and ( C ) with the levels of mucosal secretion of IL-2 (black symbols) and IL-4 (open symbols). Values, depicted as percent change in immune parameters, were calculated for each animal as change between pre-infection levels and those at the time of mucosal peak viral load. ( D ) Correlations between the changes in mucosal CCR5 + CD4 + T cell frequencies and the changes in abundances of Bacteroidetes during the chronic phase of SIV infection. Percent changes were calculated between levels at peak viremia and levels at the chronic stage of infection.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies was mouse anti-CD4 (clone 1F6; Novocastra, Newcastle, UK).

Techniques: Infection, In Situ, Immunostaining